Long Yearning

Long Yearning

Long yearning,
To be in Chang'an.
The grasshoppers weave their autumn song by the golden railing of the well;
Frost coalesces on my bamboo mat, changing its colour with cold.
My lonely lamp is not bright, I’d like to end these thoughts;
I roll back the hanging, gaze at the moon, and long sigh in vain.
The beautiful person's like a flower beyond the edge of the clouds.
Above is the black night of heaven's height;
Below is the green water billowing on.
The sky is long, the road is far, bitter flies my spirit;
The spirit I dream can't get through, the mountain pass is hard.
Long yearning,
Breaks my heart.

It talks about the harshness's of life and what you will have to go through during your life and that it will not be a happy little ride you will always have good times and you will always have bad times.

Song landscape painting

pgs 171-182

Ifriqiya-Muslim name for Tunisia where they ruled
Maghrib-Arabs named it this before Muslim armies took over
Almoravids-reformist movement/from pressure of Muslim invader's
Almohadis-they followed the same pattern but 100 years later than the Almoravids
Sahel-grassland belt where much trading from the North and South Africa took place
Sudanic states-patriarchy system/some did not last because of invasion
Mali-empire between Senegal and Nile rivers
Juula-Malinke merchants
Sundiata-brilliant leader/celebrated in oral tradition
Griots-professional oral historians
Ibn Batuta-told world of he order in Africa
Timbuktu-very large Mosque had a population of 50,000
Muhammad the Great-helped stretch empire to edges of Sudan
Hausa-people of Northern Nigeria
Sharia-Islamic law
Periplus of the Erhtraean Sea-Greek account of Indian ocean

pg 159-169 (end of chapter)

Muhammad of Gur-military leader in India who tried o take control
Qutb-ub-din Aibak-soldier in Muhammad's army/took control after he was assassinated
Shrivijiya-trading empire/kept out Islam influence
Malacca-trading city took over as Shrivijiha fell/helped Islam spread along coast
Demak-trading city North helped Islam spread

pgs 147-158

Al-Mahdi-third Abbasid caliph to reign in Abbasid nation
Harun Al-Rashid-most famous caliph, only cam to the throne because Al-Mahdi/poisoned
Buyids-dynasty that came from Persia empire
Seljuk Turks-nomadic invaders from Persia
Ottoman Empire-great empire stretching from Greece to other eastern countries
Crusades-eight European campaigns to Israel to take the Holy land
Saladin-Muslim leader/conquered most of crusader's outposts
Muqaddimah-Islam book written by Ibn Khaldun
Fustian-City where this specific type of cloth was made
Taffeta-Muslim city/European people got fabric of high quality from them
Muslin-Textiles sent to Europe
Damask-Rugs were made for the crusades/and high ranking government officials=Europe
Shah-Nama-book that has history of Persia from beginnings until Islamic conquests
Al-Ghazali-first theologian to say that the Greek and Qu'ran should fuse traditions
Ulama-orthodox religious scholar/suspicious of Islam traditions
Sufis-wandering mystics/wanting personal unification's with Allah=God
Mongols-nomadic people in Mongolia
Genghis Khan-war leader who brought the tribes of Mongolia under one banner
Hulega-grandson to Genghis and sacked the rich centers of Islam cities
Mamluks-Turkish slaves defeated Mongol campaign

pgs 138-145 (part of other chapter)

Baghdad-Abbasid new capitol
wazir-chief administrator of Islamic empire
dhows-sailing vessels with triangular sails
ayan-very wealthy landlords in the Abbasid region

pg 121-138

Islam-religion/surrender of one self to god=Allah
Muslims-followers of Muhammad
Qur'ran-holy book containing revelations from Allah to Muhammad
Bedouin-a nomadic culture
shaykhs-Arabian leaders of tribes and clans
Mecca-city located in the mountainous region along the red sea
Umayyad-Arabian clan
Quraysh-Bedouin tribe
Ka'ba-revered religious shrine in pre-Islamic Arabia
Medina-city of the prophet Muhammad
Khadijah-widow of wealthy merchant
Ali-he took Muhammad's place
Umma-a community of the faithful to Islam
Zakat-tax for charity
hajj-pilgramage to holy city of Mecca
Ridda wars-fighting among prophets and large clans
jihads-holy wars
Damascus-community center for Umayyads
mawali-Muslim converts
dhimmi-people who shared the bible with the Muslims
Battle on the River Zab-battle near tigris river